Monday, July 4, 2022

EDUC-4767: Religious Educ Catholic Pt.1 (M1-T2)

 For saving space, I have introduced the course and the first task together (after task 1 of self-introductions)

Required Texts:

The two required texts for this course are:

Klein, Peter (Rev). (2007). The Catholic Source Book – 4th Edition. BROWN-ROA Harcourt Brace & Company. ISBN 0-15-950653-0.
Knox, Ian. (1999). Theology for Teachers. Novalis Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-2-89507-020-2
New Revised Standard Version Bible – Catholic Edition, 1999, St. Jerome Press

(For the purposes of studying Scripture, any Bible may be used as long as it does not contradict the teachings of the Catholic Church)

The Bible can also be accessed through the Vatican Website – www.vatican.va

As per course introduction and overview, 

The purpose of Religious Education Part I is to enhance the professional practice of teachers and extend their knowledge and skills through critical reflection and inquiry. The areas of exploration are The Bible as Sacred Scripture; Spiritual Sacramental and Liturgical Life; The Church: Past, Present and Future; Ethics and Morality; Faith in Action; Pedagogical Practices within Catholic Education; The Faith Journey.


The program will assist teachers in their ability to evangelize students and enable them to see the world around them through a critical Catholic lens in hopes of meeting the Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations.


The course will also promote ongoing commitment to religious formation and learning, integrates teaching practice into religious knowledge, builds faith communities through personal and communal renewal, and develops skills that enhance school programs and student learning in Catholic schools.


The Additional Qualification Course: Religious Education, Part I employs a critical pedagogical lens to explore in a holistic and integrated manner the following:

-mission of Catholic schools

-sacred scriptures

-spiritual, sacramental and liturgical life

-the Church and a post-modern world

-faith in action

-ethics and morality

-pedagogical practices for religious education

-school ministry

-the faith journey related to teaching and learning across the divisions.

As per module discussion post,

"Timothy 3: 14-17 … continue in what you have learned and firmly believe, knowing from whom you learned it, and how from childhood you have known the sacred writings that are able to instruct you for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, so that everyone who belongs to God may be proficient, equipped for every good work.

The Revelation of God

 

The Human Capacity for God

 

    God has placed in the human heart a desire to be united to Him. God never ceases to draw people to himself.

 

     “When I am completely united to you, there will be no more sorrow or trials; entirely full of you, my life will be complete” (St. Augustine, Conf.10, 28, 39: PL 32, 795)

 

Read: Acts 17: 26-28

 

     Although made in God’s image individuals are still free to reject a relationship with God. Like God, our soul is a spirit. The soul is immortal. It can reason and like God, the soul can choose.

 

              “Let the hearts of those who seek the Lord rejoice” (Ps 105:3).

 

      We are able to come to know God through the understanding of creation. The world’s order and beauty supports the belief of God as the origin and the end.

 

Read: Romans 1: 19-20

           Wisdom 13:5

 

     Our human faculties, a sense of moral goodness, freedom and the voice of our conscience also help us to know the existence of God.

 

     People speak about God through creatures as all creatures, especially human beings, are created in the image and likeness of God. We continue to strive to be like the perfect God but our limited knowledge and understanding prevent us from fully understanding the mystery of God.

 

The Inspired Word of God

 

      “By natural reason human beings can know God with certainty, on the basis of his works. But there is another order of knowledge, which humans cannot possibly arrive at by their own powers: the order of Divine Revelation” (CCC#50).

 

     God revealed himself to people gradually through words and deeds “God who dwells in unapproachable light; wants to communicate his own Divine life to the people he freely created, in order to adopt them as his sons and daughters in his only – begotten Son” (CCC#52).

 

Read:  1 Timothy 6:16; cf. Eph. 1:4-5

 

     God revealed himself to our first parents, Adam and Eve.  Even after their fall he promised them salvation (cf. Gen.3:15) and offered them his covenant.

 

Read: Romans 2:6-7

 

      God made a covenant with Noah and with all living things (Gen, 9:16; cf 9:9-10).  Then God chose Abraham and made a covenant with him and his descendants. (Gen 12:1-9) He then revealed his law to them through Moses (Exodus 20:1-21).

 

      God’s covenant also reaches the people through the prophets and announces to his people his plan for salvation (Isaiah 2:2-3).

 

      God then revealed himself fully through his own son.   “In many and various ways God spoke of old to our fathers, by the prophets, but in these last days he has spoken to us by a Son” (Heb 1:1-2).  God ‘desires all people to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth’ (1Timothy 2:4) ‘that is, of Christ Jesus’ (John 14:6).

 

Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture

 

     The relationship between Tradition and Sacred Scripture is that they are one common source that presents the mystery of Christ, who promised to remain with his own “always, to the close of the age” (Mt. 28:20).    “Sacred Scripture is the speech of God as it is put down in writing under the breath of the Holy Spirit” (Dei Verbum 9).  “And [Holy] Tradition transmits in its entirety the Word of God which has been entrusted to the apostles by Christ the Lord and the Holy Spirit” (DV9).   “Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture make up a single sacred deposit of the Word of God” (DV 10).    The Teaching authorities of the church, the Pope and the bishops, as servants of God’s Word, must protect, honor, and interpret the Scriptures.  “Then he opened their minds to understand the scriptures” (Luke 24:45).

 

Read:  Ephesians 1:17-19

            Psalm 119:105

            Isaiah 50:4

 

  “The [Catholic] Church accepts and venerates the 46 books of The Old Testament and 27 books of and the New” (CCC #138).  “The four gospels occupy a central place because Christ Jesus is their centre” (CCC #139).  “The unity of the two testaments proceeds from the unity of God’s plan and his Revelation. The Old Testament prepares for the New and the New Testament fulfills the Old; the two shed light on each other, both are true word of God” (CCC#140).

 

Read: Jeremiah 31:31-34

 

      “The writers of the Bible were… not cool historians but passionate prophets.”

        Herman Wouk

Understanding the Bible

The Vernacular Bible

 

Read: The Catholic Source Book, Edition 3 pp. 138-152

           The Catholic Source Book, Edition 4 pp. 147- 171

 

     The formation of the Bible took place over many centuries and was authored by many people. The early believers developed a growing understanding of God. They talked about, shared stories and passed them on from one generation to another, a period of oral tradition.

 

     The written tradition came much later. It was not until 600 years before Christ that the first five books of the Bible, were written called The Torah, the Law. They are the five books of the Pentateuch; Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.

 

Read: The Catholic Source Book, Edition 3 p.133

           The Catholic Source Book, Edition 4 p.124

 

The Books of Old Testament 

 

      The first five books of the Bible are called The Torah.  In Hebrew, it means “The Law”. The Israelites used the word law to mean God’s revelation to them and how they should live their faith. Even today, the Torah is the basis for the spiritual life of the Jewish people. The five books of the Torah are also an important part of our Christian faith. These books are referred to in Greek as Pentateuch which means “five jars”. In the ancient Middle East, important documents were stored in large clay jars.

 

Read:  Psalm 119:1-5

 

     The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls may have significance as the scholars reexamine the Scriptures and continue to piece together or interpret the words of the early authors.  Using the internet or other sources, it may be of interest to determine the importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls.  It is claimed that their discovery is of particular relevance to the examination of both the “Catholic Bible” and the “Protestant Bible”.  In this research the word ‘Apocrypha’ will need to be understood.

 

      The Prophetic Books contain the writings of the prophets. The Oxford Dictionary defines prophet as “a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God.”   Richard McBrien in Catholicism defines prophecy as “Literally, a ‘speaking on behalf of God.’ ore specifically, the proclamation of a word and the doing of a deed on behalf of the Kingdom of God.”  McBrien, R, Catholicism, Winston Press, 1981, p. 1254

 

     The Historical Books relate the events that shaped the people of God. The Israelites retold the stories of God’s impact on their lives through the generations.

 

Read: 2 Chronicles 36:15-16

 

      The Wisdom Books put us in touch with God’s feelings, his heart and mind. “Let your good spirit lead me on a level path” (Psalm 143:10).  The Book of Psalms is the most familiar with Psalm 23 being the most recognized. The Psalms provide prayer for a variety of occasions. They were and still are being adopted into songs. If you review the song books, Catholic Book of Worship and Glory & Praise, many songs are based on Psalms from the Bible. For example, You Are Near, (1971 Text and Music, Dan Schutte) is based on Psalm 139.

 

      The Books of the Bible officially accepted as Holy Scripture are referred to as the Canon, the form by which the people of God used for the development of their faith.

 

The New Testament 

 

      “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life” (John 3:16).

 

     The Gospel writers, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were referred to as Evangelists. The word apostle comes from the Greek word ‘apostolos’ which means one who is sent. As each faith group began with the apostles we and they are called an apostolic community.

 

      Prior to writing the Gospels, the apostles and disciples (one who learns from and follows another) were very supportive of their new apostolic communities. They wrote letters or epistles of instruction and encouragement. There are 13 letters in the New Testament.

 

Read: The first letter of Paul to the Thessalonians (1Thess 2:13)

           The first Letter to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 13:13)

           The Letter of James (James 2:26)

 

The gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John were probably written between 65 and 110 AD.  “Gospel” literally means “good news”.  The “good news” to which the gospels refer is the life, teachings, death and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth.

 

Jesus of Nazareth really lived in the first third of the first century.  No one questions that he was born at a certain time, in a certain place, of a certain family.

 

The gospels were written in the last third of the first century, between approximately 65 and 100 CE.  The earliest is Mark and the latest is probably John. 

 

The gospels do not provide us with the kind of biographical information we might see of a prominent figure today. They are accounts of the public life, the message and activities, of Jesus. 

 

As Marcus Borg explains in his book, Reading the Bible Again for the First Time, Harper Collins, 2011, 

“As developing traditions combining historical narrative and metaphorical narrative, they can be read in two different ways.  On one hand, as virtually our only source of information about the historical Jesus, they can be read to reconstruct a sketch of what Jesus of Nazareth was like as a figure of history.  On the other hand, they can also be read as late first century documents that tell us about Christian perceptions and convictions about Jesus some forty to seventy years after his death.”

 

 We do need to know when we are doing one and when we are doing the other. 

 

Matthew, Mark and Luke are referred to as the “synoptics” because they are similar enough to be seen together.  Synoptic comes from the Latin “syn” meaning “together” and “optic” meaning “seen”.  They have written sources in common.  Matthew and Luke both used the gospel of Mark to formulate their own gospels as well as using an early collection of Jesus’ teachings known as “Q”.  Significant portions of Matthew and Luke are quite similar and the most likely explanation is that they come from the Q source.  Q did not survive as a written gospel.  The gospel of John is very different and is often called the “spiritual” gospel as the language is more symbolic and metaphorical.

The following passages will demonstrate the similarities of the synoptic gospels.    

 

 

Read: Matthew 20:26-27

           Mark 10:43-44

           Luke 22:26

 

Mark’s Gospel is the earliest gospel created out of collections and clusters of sayings and oral stories.  It is mostly stories about Jesus, with a small amount of his teachings.

 

 

Matthew’s Gospel is an attempt to convince the chosen people of Israel that Jesus is the fulfillment of God’s promise to them. There are many references to the Old Testament in Matthew’s Gospel.

 

Read: Matthew 1:23 and Isaiah7:14

          John 12:24 and Isaiah 53:10-12

 

 

 

The Gospel of Luke was historical in nature. He highlighted the presence of the Holy Spirit in Jesus’ life. He also supported the theme from Matthew’s Gospel that Jesus was the promised Savior.

 

Read: Luke 1:5; 2:1-2; 3:1-2

 

 

John’s gospel is very different from the synoptics.  It contains all the “I am” sayings.  The style and content of Jesus’ teachings is very different as he teaches in long and quite abstract discourses rather than short sayings and parables.  Only in John’s gospel does Jesus say “The Father and I are one”.

 

Read:  John 1:1-5, 14

            John 6:35

            John 11:25

 

 The Acts of the Apostles is a continuation of the gospels.

 

     “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria and to the ends of the earth” (Acts  1:8).

 

Read:  Acts 7, Stephen’s Speech to the Council

 

      Stephen reminds the Council of God’s promise to his chosen people. He continually saved them from peril and even though they received God’s law they did not keep it. Peter and John before the Council in Acts 4:1-12 proclaim Jesus as the Savior. Many lessons are presented in the Acts of the Apostles. The commentary and style is reflective of the audience the apostles were addressing.  In many cases, the same questions were being asked by the people and the apostles addressed the questions of the group in the form of letters such as Paul’s first and second letters to the Corinthians.

Read the excerpt from Language of the Heart by Noel Cooper. What ideas resonated with you from the reading. How does this affect your understanding of scripture, specifically, the New Testament? How could these ideas be integrated into the curriculum? "

My response,

"

Notes:

Jesus as "the working man"; life of servitude; of North African/Mediterranean descent; Not a professional spiritualist, but someone who was travelling as a spiritual preacher on his own accord in the name of God; Jesus grew up and lived in the district of Galilee which ultimately was shadow to the City of Jerusalem and Temple Mountain;

Jesus as a victim of cultural prejudice/racism-him and Peter with thick accents as a result of their first language roots (Aramaic) but some language abilities in Hebrew and potentially limited amounts in Greek as Romans were occupying the area at that time.   

Jesus as a martyr and social outcast-Most of the generation of Jesus' time, were already grandparents as he was also an elder in his community at the age of 30, he left his home to preach in determination to preach how to live a more religiously fuelled existence than the professional rabbis in the synagogues of Jerusalem.

Theory holds up that because of what is/what is not said (contextual reading) Mary actually had seven children grow into adulthood.

Source:

Language of the Heart (2003)


 After reading the character sketch excerpt from Cooper Neil's "Language of the Heart" of Jesus, I don't feel much more of a different than I held prior to reading only because of interests in literature that explored aspects of faith from a more critical point of view. This is crucial point of consideration because prior to the internet and accessibility to the understanding of what constitutes a "credible source", there were many discussions and theories that would influence one to sometimes be more literal of a reader in matter of just keeping it simple for themselves in understanding that its easy enough for one to argue it as true than simply unveiling a thesis in regards to why they believe it is true and then argue the semantics/viewpoints of various gospels (presumably). I think one image that doesn't sit well with me as a Catholic is that children are misguided into what they believe Jesus would have looked like. No, your right its not how he looks that matters on a level as long as one is a believer, however as a teacher when we discuss the application of religion in curriculum there is an argument to be made for cultural appropriation. To quote Noel Cooper, "None of the gospels offers us a physical description of Jesus. We know only that he was Jewish, a native of the district of Galilee, so most likely he resembled people who are native to north Africa and the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea, rather than modern Jewish people of northern European heritage." Language of the Heart. (2003) To be clear, I think sometimes it makes it easier to deduce believable facts from what isn't said (rather than theorised inferences made from viewpoints recorded in different ways) and in this case, what he looks like isn't talked about. Telling me one of two things, they didn't have the words to describe him, or he was of average physical character. The gospels in the new testament tend to focus mostly on the more marginalizing attributes of Jesus and his life than the more uneventful or "everyday" portions. In this regard it is interesting to discuss the discrepancies between the gospels (as an example) as a means of making the New Testament "proclaim the identity of Jesus as truly God and truly human and to show how Jesus is linked to and fulfils the Hebrew Scriptures. Brown states that each infancy narrative is, in fact, the whole Gospel in miniature: The full identity of Jesus (divine and human) is revealed" (Finding the Heart of Jesus’ Life, Looking at Jesus in the Gospels, 2003). In this, the ideas of Jesus as more human than a human, but as divine creates the discussion that splinters into many subject areas, "Social Activism", "Rhetoric", potentially even into the study of "Psychological Motivations and Behaviours". In conclusion, I find that although the New Testament is recorded and told like that of a flashback of the same person over a long period of time, it is stylistically a read that presents a picture of the same person who ultimately achieved the same goal in all regards and this character, Jesus-presents people with most important philosophy, believe because you want to-not because you have to.

Sources:

Catholic Update: Finding the Heart of Jesus’ Life, Looking at Jesus in the Gospels, December 2003 "

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